The principal excavated cities and towns of the Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilisation, each associated with a river, a modern country or state, and a signature find.
- Harappa (Punjab, Pakistan, river Ravi): the first site excavated (1921, Daya Ram Sahni); six granaries and worker quarters.
- Mohenjodaro (Sindh, Pakistan, river Indus): excavated 1922 (R. D. Banerji); the Great Bath, the Great Granary, the bronze Dancing Girl and the Pashupati seal.
- Dholavira (Gujarat, India): a water-management city with three divisions and a unique signboard inscription; a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Lothal (Gujarat, India): a port town with a dockyard (tidal harbour) and bead-making industry.
- Kalibangan (Rajasthan, India, river Ghaggar): ploughed field furrows and fire altars.
- Rakhigarhi (Haryana, India): the largest Harappan site in India by area.
- Banawali (Haryana) and Surkotada (Gujarat, horse bones) round out the Indian sites; Chanhudaro (Sindh) is the only city without a citadel.
Site-to-find and site-to-state matching (Mohenjodaro-Great Bath, Lothal-dockyard, Kalibangan-fire altars and ploughed field, Dholavira-water management, Rakhigarhi-largest in India) is among the most tested ancient-history grids.
Lothal (dockyard) and Dholavira (water management) are both in Gujarat; Kalibangan (Rajasthan) has fire altars and a ploughed field; Chanhudaro alone lacks a citadel; Rakhigarhi is the largest in India while Mohenjodaro is the largest overall.
Harappa (Ravi), Mohenjodaro (Indus, Great Bath), Dholavira and Lothal (Gujarat), Kalibangan (Ghaggar, fire altars), Rakhigarhi (largest in India).