PolityConstitutional and Statutory Bodies
Constitutional bodies (ECI, CAG, UPSC and State PSCs, Finance Commission, GST Council, Attorney General, NCSC, NCST, NCBC) and statutory and executive bodies (CVC, CIC, Lokpal, NHRC, NCW, NCPCR, NGT, NIA, NITI Aayog) with their Articles or founding Acts, composition, appointment and removal
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PolityElectoral System and Reforms
The first-past-the-post system, the Representation of the People Acts, the Election Commission's role, the various elections and their methods, EVMs and VVPAT, NOTA, and the major electoral reforms and pending proposals
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PolityFederalism and Centre-State Relations
Legislative, administrative and financial relations between the Centre and the States under Parts XI and XII (Art 245 to 293), the Seventh Schedule lists, residuary powers, All-India Services, the Finance Commission and GST Council, inter-state relations, and the Union's duty to protect States
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PolityFundamental Rights
Part III (Art 12 to 35), the six categories of Fundamental Rights, Art 14, 19, 21 and 32, the five writs, the right to education, and the security-and-rights provisions Art 33 and Art 34
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PolityJudiciary
The Supreme Court and High Courts under Art 124 to 147 and 214 to 237: composition, qualifications, jurisdictions, the writs, the collegium, judicial review, PIL, the subordinate judiciary, and the security and human-rights carve-outs that matter to CAPF
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PolityLocal Government
The 73rd and 74th Amendments (1992), panchayats (Part IX, Art 243 to 243-O) and municipalities (Part IXA, Art 243-P to 243-ZG), Schedules 11 and 12, reservations, the State Election Commission and State Finance Commission, PESA, and the committees that shaped panchayati raj
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PolityParliament
The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha under Part V (Art 79 to 122): composition, tenure, sessions, the legislative process, money versus financial versus ordinary bills, parliamentary devices, committees, and the special powers of each House
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PolityRTI and Transparency Laws
The Right to Information Act 2005, its constitutional basis in Art 19(1)(a), the PIO, the appeal structure, the CIC and SICs, exemptions, the 2019 amendment, and allied transparency laws
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PolityState Government
The Governor, the Chief Minister and Council of Ministers, and the State legislature under Part VI (Art 152 to 212): appointment, powers, discretion, the bicameral versus unicameral question, and the Governor's role in Centre-State tension and President's Rule
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PolityThe Schedules of the Constitution
All twelve Schedules of the Constitution, what each contains, the amendment that added the later ones, and the high-yield matching facts (Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth)
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PolityTribunals and Quasi-Judicial Bodies
Art 323A and 323B, the 42nd Amendment basis, administrative tribunals (CAT, SAT), the major sectoral tribunals (NGT, ITAT, AFT, debt and securities tribunals), and the leading court rulings
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PolityUnion Executive
The President, Vice-President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, and the Attorney General of India under Part V (Art 52 to 78): election, qualifications, terms, powers, ordinance and pardoning powers, and the chain of advice that runs the Union
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