Paper I

Geography

Geography

Geography Subject Index

Navigation hub for every GEOGRAPHY note in Paper I, physical geography, India, the World, and the borders-and-neighbours angle CAPF tests

Read →Open
Geography

Climatic Regions of India

India's climatic-region schemes (Koeppen and Trewartha), the major climate types from the wet West Coast to the cold Trans-Himalaya, the controlling factors, the regional rainfall and temperature pattern, and the security and disaster angle, with reference tables and authored CAPF practice

Read →Open
Geography

Climatology: Atmosphere and Winds

Composition and layers of the atmosphere with heights, insolation and the heat budget, temperature and lapse rate, the global pressure belts, planetary, seasonal and local winds, the Coriolis force and jet streams, condensation forms and precipitation, and tropical and temperate cyclones

Read →Open
Geography

Geomorphology: Earth Interior and Plate Tectonics

The earth's internal structure and discontinuities, seismic waves, continental drift and sea-floor spreading, the major plates and the three boundary types, volcanoes and earthquakes, and the landforms built and worn by endogenic and exogenic forces

Read →Open
Geography

Important Features of the World (Boundaries, Lines, Canals and Manmade Landmarks)

The world's important boundary lines (Radcliffe, Durand, McMahon, 38th and 17th parallels, Maginot, Hindenburg, Oder-Neisse, Curzon), the major canals and tunnels, the great dams and lakes, the tri-junctions and disputed regions, the date and reference lines, and a security angle, with reference tables and authored CAPF practice

Read →Open
Geography

India: Borders, Neighbours and Strategic Geography

India's land and maritime borders by length, the seven land neighbours, the boundary lines (Radcliffe, Durand, McMahon, LoC, LAC, Sir Creek), the border States, the one-border-one-force mapping (BSF, ITBP, SSB, Assam Rifles), the Siliguri Corridor, the enclaves history, the island groups and the maritime zones, all calibrated to CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

India: Physiography

India's physiographic divisions, the Himalayan ranges, peaks and passes, the Northern Plains belts, the Peninsular Plateau, the coastal plains, the deserts and the island groups, with locations and the CAPF border-defence angle

Read →Open
Geography

Indian Agriculture and Cropping

Crop seasons, the major food, cash and plantation crops with their conditions and leading producer States, cropping patterns, irrigation sources, the Green Revolution and the colour revolutions, and the border-farming angle for CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

Indian Drainage System and Rivers

Himalayan versus peninsular river systems, their origins, tributaries, courses and mouths, the major lakes and waterfalls, dams and basins, and the riverine border angle for CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

Indian Industries, Transport and Population

India's industrial regions and their centres, the road, rail, water and air transport networks, the major ports, population distribution and the Census 2011 headline figures, and the strategic-infrastructure angle for CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

Indian Monsoon and Climate

The monsoon mechanism, onset and withdrawal dates, the two branches, the jet streams and the Tibetan heating, the El Nino and IOD links, rainfall distribution, India's climatic regions, and the climate-versus-border-force angle

Read →Open
Geography

Map Work Essentials (Latitude, Longitude, Time Zones, Projections and Reading the Map)

The graticule of latitude and longitude, the great and small circles, India's location and extent, the Standard Meridian and Indian Standard Time, time-zone and date-line calculation, map scale and the main projections, contours and conventional symbols, and a navigation-and-security angle, with worked examples and authored CAPF practice

Read →Open
Geography

Minerals and Energy Resources of India

Metallic and non-metallic minerals and their belts and States, coal and the Gondwana fields, petroleum and gas provinces, atomic and renewable energy, and the mineral-belt-versus-internal-security angle for CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

Oceanography

Ocean relief and deeps, salinity and temperature with the thermocline, the major warm and cold currents by name, tides and the spring-neap rule, waves and the EEZ, and the El Nino, La Nina and Indian Ocean Dipole cycles and their link to the monsoon

Read →Open
Geography

Protected Areas of India (National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves and Wildlife Conservation)

The categories of protected area under the Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972 (national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, conservation and community reserves), tiger and other species projects, biosphere reserves, Ramsar wetlands, world heritage natural sites, the major parks State by State, and a conservation-and-enforcement angle, with reference tables and authored CAPF practice

Read →Open
Geography

Soils and Natural Vegetation of India

India's soil types and their States, the forest and vegetation types by rainfall, biosphere reserves and wetlands, the major wildlife parks and the species they protect, and the forested-frontier angle for CAPF

Read →Open
Geography

States, Union Territories and Capitals of India

The 28 States and 8 Union Territories, their capitals (administrative, legislative and judicial), the high courts, the reorganisation milestones (1956 SRC to 2019 Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh, 2020 merger of the Daman and Dadra UTs), the border States, and a security-and-administration angle, with reference tables and authored CAPF practice

Read →Open
Geography

Straits, Chokepoints and Strategic Waterways

The world's major straits, canals and maritime chokepoints, the water bodies they join, the countries that flank them, and their trade, energy and strategic significance for India and the world

Read →Open
Geography

World Physical Geography

The seven continents and five oceans, the great mountain ranges and peaks, the longest and largest rivers, the major deserts and lakes, the world superlatives, and the world climatic zones from equator to pole

Read →Open
Geography

World Political Geography

The continents and their key countries and capitals, the largest countries by area and population, landlocked and island States, transcontinental countries, international boundary lines, and the major world regions and groupings

Read →Open