The final mass movement of the freedom struggle, launched by the Congress in August 1942 demanding an immediate end to British rule, with the slogan "Do or Die".
- Approved by the Quit India Resolution at the Bombay (Gowalia Tank) session on 8 August 1942; Gandhi gave the call "Do or Die" (Karo ya Maro).
- The entire top leadership (Gandhi, Nehru, Patel, and others) was arrested on 9 August 1942, leaving the movement largely leaderless and spontaneous.
- Followed the failure of the Cripps Mission (1942), which offered dominion status after the war but was rejected.
- Marked by mass strikes, sabotage, and parallel governments (for example at Ballia, Satara, and Tamluk in Midnapore).
- Suppressed harshly by 1944, but it showed the depth of anti-British feeling and made British withdrawal only a matter of time.
The August 1942 date, the Gowalia Tank venue, the "Do or Die" slogan, the link to the Cripps Mission's failure, and the parallel governments are high-frequency facts.
Quit India (1942, immediate "Do or Die") came after the failure of the Cripps Mission; it is the last, not the first, Gandhian mass movement.
1942 "Do or Die" movement demanding immediate British withdrawal; leaders arrested, became spontaneous and mass.