The international organisation founded in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, promote cooperation and human rights, and its network of principal organs and specialised agencies.
- The UN was established on 24 October 1945 under the UN Charter; its headquarters is in New York, and India is a founding member.
- It has six principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the International Court of Justice (at The Hague), the Secretariat (headed by the Secretary-General), and the Trusteeship Council (now dormant).
- The Security Council has five permanent members with veto power (the United States, Russia, China, the United Kingdom, and France) and ten non-permanent members; India seeks permanent membership and a reform of the Council.
- Specialised agencies and bodies include the WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF, the ILO, the IMF, and the World Bank, each with its own mandate.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) is a foundational UN human-rights document; India is also a leading contributor to UN peacekeeping operations.
The UN organs, the Security Council permanent members and veto, the specialised agencies, and India's peacekeeping role are core international-organisation facts and connect to human-rights material.
The five permanent Security Council members hold the veto; the General Assembly has all members but its resolutions are recommendatory. The International Court of Justice is at The Hague, not New York.
1945 body for peace and security; six organs, five veto-wielding permanent Council members, and agencies like the WHO and UNESCO; India is a founding member.