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Gandhian Movements Timeline

The mass movements led by Gandhi from Champaran to Quit India with year, place and outcome, for CAPF Paper I revision

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At a glance
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RevisionHistoryModern IndiaFreedom StruggleGandhiPaper 1

Gandhi led the national movement through phases of satyagraha and mass mobilisation. Cover the right columns and recall year and outcome. See gandhian era and mass movements and freedom struggle timeline.

Early satyagrahas

Movement (Year) Place Outcome
Champaran Satyagraha (1917) Bihar Gandhi's first satyagraha in India; against the tinkathia indigo system; won relief for the peasants
Kheda Satyagraha (1918) Gujarat With Vallabhbhai Patel; revenue remission after a poor harvest
Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) Gujarat First hunger strike; wage rise for the workers

Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience

Movement (Year) Trigger / programme Outcome
Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Movement (1920 to 1922) Treatment of the Ottoman Caliph; Jallianwala Bagh; Rowlatt Act Boycott of schools, courts, titles and foreign goods; called off after Chauri Chaura (February 1922)
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930 to 1934) Salt Law Began with the Dandi March (12 March to 6 April 1930); breaking the salt law; suspended after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931), resumed, then withdrawn in 1934

The road to independence

Event (Year) Note
Dandi March (1930) Gandhi walked from Sabarmati to Dandi to make salt; the symbol of Civil Disobedience
Round Table Conferences (1930 to 1932) Gandhi attended the Second (1931) as the sole Congress representative
Poona Pact (1932) Between Gandhi and Ambedkar; reserved seats for the Depressed Classes in place of separate electorates
Individual Satyagraha (1940 to 1941) Limited, symbolic protest against the war effort; Vinoba Bhave the first satyagrahi
Quit India Movement (1942) "Do or Die"; the demand for an immediate British withdrawal; leaders arrested; the most intense mass upsurge

Quick memory hooks

  • Champaran (1917) is Gandhi's first satyagraha in India.
  • Non-Cooperation (1920 to 1922) ended after Chauri Chaura.
  • Civil Disobedience (1930) began with the Dandi March.
  • Quit India (1942) carried the slogan "Do or Die".

Cross-references

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