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Last-Minute Polity
Highest-yield polity facts for final revision: key Articles, the rights, constitutional bodies, and amendments in compact tables
CAPF wiki•3 min read•7 sections
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| Article |
What it is |
| 14 |
Equality before law |
| 19 |
Six freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession) |
| 21 |
Protection of life and personal liberty |
| 21A |
Right to education (6 to 14 years) |
| 32 |
Right to constitutional remedies (Supreme Court writs); "heart and soul" |
| 33 |
Parliament may restrict rights of armed and public-order forces (CAPF relevance) |
| 44 |
Uniform Civil Code (Directive Principle) |
| 51A |
Fundamental Duties |
| 72 / 161 |
Pardoning power of President / Governor |
| 110 |
Money Bill definition |
| 112 |
Annual Financial Statement (Budget) |
| 123 / 213 |
Ordinance power of President / Governor |
| 226 |
High Court writ power (wider than Art 32) |
| 280 |
Finance Commission |
| 312 |
All India Services |
| 352 / 356 / 360 |
National / State / Financial Emergency |
| 368 |
Amendment of the Constitution |
| # |
Right |
Articles |
| 1 |
Right to Equality |
14 to 18 |
| 2 |
Right to Freedom |
19 to 22 |
| 3 |
Right against Exploitation |
23 to 24 |
| 4 |
Right to Freedom of Religion |
25 to 28 |
| 5 |
Cultural and Educational Rights |
29 to 30 |
| 6 |
Right to Constitutional Remedies |
32 |
Right to Property removed from Part III by 44th Amendment, 1978; now a legal right under Art 300A.
| Writ |
Meaning |
| Habeas Corpus |
Produce the body (against unlawful detention) |
| Mandamus |
Command to a public authority to do its legal duty |
| Prohibition |
Stop a lower court exceeding its jurisdiction |
| Certiorari |
Quash or transfer an order of a lower court |
| Quo Warranto |
By what authority do you hold this office |
| Body |
Type |
Anchor |
| Election Commission |
Constitutional (Art 324) |
Conducts elections |
| UPSC |
Constitutional (Art 315) |
Central recruitment |
| Finance Commission |
Constitutional (Art 280) |
Every 5 years, tax devolution |
| CAG |
Constitutional (Art 148) |
Audit |
| Attorney General |
Constitutional (Art 76) |
Government's chief law officer |
| NHRC |
Statutory (PHR Act, 1993) |
Human rights; chair is ex-CJI or SC judge |
| CVC, CIC, Lokpal |
Statutory |
Vigilance, information, anti-corruption |
| NITI Aayog |
Executive (resolution) |
Replaced Planning Commission in 2015 |
| Amendment |
Subject |
| 1st (1951) |
Added Ninth Schedule, reasonable restrictions on speech |
| 42nd (1976) |
"Mini-Constitution"; added Fundamental Duties, "Socialist Secular" to Preamble |
| 44th (1978) |
Right to Property out of Part III; protected Art 20, 21 in emergency |
| 52nd (1985) |
Anti-defection, Tenth Schedule |
| 61st (1989) |
Voting age 21 to 18 |
| 73rd and 74th (1992) |
Panchayati Raj and urban local bodies |
| 86th (2002) |
Right to Education (Art 21A) |
| 101st (2016) |
Goods and Services Tax |
| 103rd (2019) |
10 percent EWS reservation |
- Preamble keywords added by 42nd Amendment: Socialist, Secular, Integrity.
- DPSP in Part IV (Art 36 to 51), borrowed from Ireland; not enforceable.
- Fundamental Duties: 11 now (originally 10; 11th added by 86th Amendment).
- Basic structure doctrine: Kesavananda Bharati (1973).
- National Emergency (Art 352): approval within one month, by special majority.