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Mountain Passes of India

Important mountain passes of India by State, with the ranges they cross and their strategic significance, for CAPF Paper I revision

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SubjectGeography
RevisionGeographyPassesBordersStrategic GeographyPaper 1

Cover the right column and recall the State and range. Passes matter twice over for CAPF: as geography facts and as the border crossings the forces guard. For physiography see india physiography and for the border dimension india borders neighbours and strategic geography.

Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh

Pass Range / note
Zoji La Connects Srinagar (Kashmir Valley) with Leh (Ladakh); often snow-blocked
Banihal Pass Pir Panjal; Jawahar Tunnel runs beneath it
Khardung La Ladakh; among the world's highest motorable passes; route to the Nubra and Shyok valleys
Chang La Ladakh; on the way to Pangong Lake
Burzil Pass Connects Srinagar with Gilgit
Pir Panjal Pass Pir Panjal range
Karakoram Pass On the boundary with the Chinese-held area; strategic

These straddle the Line of Control and the Line of Actual Control and recur in security questions; cross-read last minute internal security.

Himachal Pradesh

Pass Note
Rohtang Pass Pir Panjal; connects Kullu with Lahaul and Spiti; Atal Tunnel beneath
Shipki La On the India-China border; the Sutlej enters India near here
Baralacha La On the Leh-Manali highway

Uttarakhand

Pass Note
Mana Pass Near Badrinath; close to the China border
Niti Pass India-China border route
Lipulekh Pass Tri-junction area near Nepal and China; Kailash-Mansarovar route; sensitive

Sikkim and the north-east

Pass Note
Nathu La Sikkim; India-China trade route; reopened in 2006
Jelep La Sikkim; old route to Lhasa
Bomdi La Arunachal Pradesh; on the route to Tibet; 1962 war theatre
Diphu Pass Tri-junction of India, China and Myanmar
Bum La Arunachal Pradesh; near Tawang

The 1962 conflict turned on Bomdi La and the Tawang sector; see india borders neighbours and strategic geography.

Western and peninsular passes (Western Ghats)

Pass Note
Thal Ghat Connects Mumbai with Nashik
Bhor Ghat Connects Mumbai with Pune
Palghat (Palakkad) Gap Largest gap in the Western Ghats; connects Kerala with Tamil Nadu
Senkottai (Shencottah) Gap Southern Western Ghats

Quick-recall: pass to State

Pass State / UT
Zoji La, Khardung La Ladakh / Jammu and Kashmir
Rohtang, Shipki La Himachal Pradesh
Lipulekh, Mana, Niti Uttarakhand
Nathu La, Jelep La Sikkim
Bomdi La, Bum La Arunachal Pradesh
Palghat Gap Kerala-Tamil Nadu border

Cross-references

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