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Newspapers and Founders

Important newspapers and journals of the freedom struggle with founders, language and year, for CAPF Paper I revision

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At a glance
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The press was a key instrument of national awakening. Cover the right columns and recall the founder, language and year. See rise of nationalism moderates and extremists.

Early and English-language papers

Newspaper / Journal Founder or editor Year / language
Bengal Gazette (Hicky's Gazette) James Augustus Hicky 1780; first newspaper in India (English)
Sambad Kaumudi Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1821; Bengali
Mirat-ul-Akhbar Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1822; Persian
The Hindu G Subramania Iyer and others 1878; English
The Tribune Dyal Singh Majithia 1881; English (Lahore)
Amrita Bazar Patrika Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh 1868; Bengali, later English

Nationalist papers

Newspaper / Journal Founder or editor Year / language
Kesari (Marathi) and Maratha (English) Bal Gangadhar Tilak 1881
The Bengalee Surendranath Banerjee (edited from 1879)
Swadesamitran G Subramania Iyer Tamil
Hindustan (and Indian Opinion in South Africa) Various; Indian Opinion by Gandhi 1903 (Indian Opinion)
Young India and Navajivan M K Gandhi 1919 onwards
Harijan M K Gandhi 1933
Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh Abul Kalam Azad Urdu
Comrade and Hamdard Mohammad Ali English and Urdu
New India and Commonweal Annie Besant 1914
Independent Motilal Nehru Allahabad

Revolutionary and other journals

Newspaper / Journal Founder or editor Note
Bande Mataram Aurobindo Ghosh and Bipin Chandra Pal Extremist organ
Yugantar Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendranath Datta Revolutionary (Bengal)
Sandhya Brahmabandhab Upadhyay Bengal
Ghadar Ghadar Party (Lala Hardayal) 1913; from San Francisco
Prabuddha Bharata and Udbodhana Swami Vivekananda / Ramakrishna Mission English and Bengali
Som Prakash Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Bengali
Voice of India Dadabhai Naoroji
Indian Mirror Keshab Chandra Sen First Indian daily in English

Quick memory hooks

  • Hicky's Bengal Gazette (1780) is the first newspaper printed in India.
  • Tilak's twin papers: Kesari in Marathi, Maratha in English.
  • Gandhi's papers: Young India and Navajivan (1919), then Harijan (1933).
  • Azad's Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh were Urdu papers shut down by the government.

Cross-references

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