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Revolutionary Organisations

Revolutionary societies and parties of the freedom struggle with founders, region and notable actions, for CAPF Paper I revision

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At a glance
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RevisionHistoryModern IndiaRevolutionariesFreedom StrugglePaper 1

Alongside the constitutional and mass movements, revolutionary groups pursued armed action. Cover the right columns and recall founders and key actions. See personalities of the freedom struggle.

Bengal and Maharashtra

Organisation (Year) Founder / leaders Notable activity
Abhinav Bharat (1904) V D Savarkar and Ganesh Savarkar Secret society in Maharashtra
Anushilan Samiti (1902) Pramatha Mitra; Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Jatindranath Banerjee Revolutionary training in Bengal
Jugantar (Yugantar) (1906) Barindra Kumar Ghosh, Bhupendranath Datta Alipore Bomb Case; the journal Yugantar
Mitra Mela / later groups (Maharashtra) Early revolutionary cells

Abroad

Organisation (Year) Founder / leaders Notable activity
India House, London (1905) Shyamji Krishna Varma; Savarkar associated Centre for Indian students abroad
Ghadar Party (1913) Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna Founded in San Francisco; the Ghadar paper; the planned 1915 mutiny
Berlin Committee / Indian Independence Committee (1915) Virendranath Chattopadhyay and others Sought German help during the First World War
Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) (1942 onwards) First formed by Mohan Singh (1942); Rash Behari Bose handed it to Subhas Chandra Bose, who reorganised it in 1943 "Delhi Chalo"; the Red Fort trials (1945 to 1946)

North India

Organisation (Year) Founder / leaders Notable activity
Hindustan Republican Association (1924) Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Ram Prasad Bismil and others The Kakori Conspiracy / train robbery (1925)
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (1928) Reorganised by Chandrashekhar Azad, Bhagat Singh and others Assembly bomb (1929); Lahore Conspiracy Case; Saunders shot
Naujawan Bharat Sabha (1926) Bhagat Singh Youth organisation in Punjab

Key martyrs and cases

Person / case Note
Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki (1908) Muzaffarpur bomb
Kakori Conspiracy (1925) Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan and others executed
Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, Sukhdev (1931) Hanged in the Lahore Conspiracy Case
Chandrashekhar Azad (1931) Died fighting in Alfred Park, Allahabad
Surya Sen (1934) Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930); hanged

Cross-references

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