Paper I

General Science

General Science

General Science, Subject Index

Navigation hub for the CAPF Paper I general science module, physics, chemistry, biology, IT, biotech and environment

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General Science

Agriculture and Food Technology

The Green, White, Blue, Yellow and other revolutions, soil and fertilisers (NPK), irrigation, GM crops (Bt cotton) and biotechnology in agriculture, precision and protected farming, food preservation and processing (pasteurisation, canning, irradiation), fortification and the nutrition link, with definitions and the food-security and human-rights angle for CAPF Paper I

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General Science

Biotechnology and Genetics

DNA and RNA basics, genetic engineering and recombinant DNA, GM crops, cloning, stem cells, DNA fingerprinting, and applications in medicine, agriculture, industry and forensics, with discoverers, years and the biosecurity angle at CAPF awareness depth

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General Science

Cell and Classification of Life

Cell theory and organelles, prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells, plant versus animal cells, tissues, the five-kingdom classification, binomial nomenclature, and basic genetics vocabulary, with discoverers, years and applications at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Chemistry in Everyday Life

States of matter, atomic structure and subatomic particles, the periodic table, acids bases salts and pH, metals non-metals and metalloids, common compounds and their uses, fuels and polymers, with discoverers, formulae and applications at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Diseases and Public Health

Communicable versus non-communicable diseases, pathogens (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi, worms) and disease-to-organism matching, modes of transmission and vectors, epidemic-endemic-pandemic, immunity and vaccines, antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance, India's public-health programmes (UIP, NHM, eradication of smallpox and polio), and the security and human-rights angle for CAPF Paper I

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General Science

Emerging Technologies: AI, Nanotech and Robotics

Artificial intelligence and machine learning, generative AI and large language models, robotics and automation, nanotechnology, 3D printing, quantum computing, 5G and IoT, drones and autonomous systems, with definitions, everyday and defence applications, and the security, ethics and human-rights angle for CAPF Paper I

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General Science

Environment and Ecology

Ecosystems and food chains, energy flow and biogeochemical cycles, biodiversity and conservation, pollution types and pollutants, climate change and the ozone layer, international conventions and Indian environmental laws and bodies, with the security and disaster angle at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Everyday Phenomena and Quick Facts

Everyday science phenomena and their reasons, instruments and their uses, SI base and derived units, scientists and their discoveries, branches of science, and high-frequency miscellaneous facts, built as the consolidation and revision sheet for the CAPF General Science module

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General Science

Human Body and Its Systems

Digestive, respiratory, circulatory, nervous, excretory, endocrine, skeletal and reproductive systems with key organs, functions, glands and hormones, blood groups, sense organs, and headline numerical facts at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Information Technology and Computing

Computer fundamentals and generations, hardware and software, memory units, the internet and the web, AI IoT blockchain and cloud, cyber-security threats and laws, and Indian e-governance, with full forms, founders and the cyber-defence angle at CAPF awareness depth

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General Science

Nutrition, Diseases and Health

Nutrients and a balanced diet, vitamins and deficiency diseases, minerals, communicable versus non-communicable diseases, pathogens and vectors, vaccines and immunity, and public-health programmes, with discoverers, years and the security relevance at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Physics in Everyday Life

Motion and Newton's laws, work, energy, power, gravitation, pressure, light, sound, heat and thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, with SI units, named laws, discoverers and everyday applications, calibrated to CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Space and Defence Technology

ISRO milestones and launch vehicles, key satellites and navigation, DRDO and the major missile families, nuclear technology and the triad, indigenous defence production, and the CAPF border-security angle, with founders, years and classification at CAPF recognition depth

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General Science

Strategic and Defence Technology

Indigenous platforms (Tejas, INS Vikrant, Arihant), surveillance and sensing (RADAR, SONAR, AWACS, drones and counter-drone), electronic and cyber warfare, hypersonic and ballistic-missile defence, night vision and thermal imaging, NBC defence, and Atmanirbhar Bharat defence production, with the CAPF border-security angle for Paper I

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